Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的 成分包括:主语,谓语,表语,宾语(直接和间接宾语) ,宾语补足语,定语和状语.主 语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语) ,表语,宾语和宾 语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分. ▲句子成分分类 句子成分分类 1.主语 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的"是什么"或"是谁".一般由名词,代词,不定代词 或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如: 讲述"谁" We work in a big factory. 讲述"什么" The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor's job. 从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 三个人就够了 ▲ 在"There be …"句型中,主语的位置在中间.如: There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用 it 作形式主语.如: It is very interesting to play the game called "treat or trick". It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 . 谓语时用来说明主语"做什么""是什么"或"怎么样" , ,谓语必须是动词,谓语和 主语在"人称"和"数"两方面必须一致.如: He is very generous. -1- She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 . 表语说明主语"是什么"或"怎么样" ,由名词,形容词,介词,副词,不定式及相当 于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didn't come to school yesterday. 4.宾语 . ▲宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,不定式,或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来 充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语. 如: 名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语 He often helps me. 不定式作宾语 He likes to s