Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

　　1．(2015·北京，33改编)I truly believe__that__beauty comes from within.

　　解析：考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接作用的that。

　　2．(2015·陕西，19改编)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for __what__Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

　　解析：考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知，此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。从句中缺少achieved的宾语，故要用what来引导。句意：读她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。

　　3．(2015·安徽，25改编)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not __what__ ships are built for.

　　解析：what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。

　　4．(2015·浙江，6改编)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate __what__ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

　　解析：investigate后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。

　　5．(2016·南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check__whether/if__the bag had 50 gold coins.

　　解析：句意：……他把包还给了Sam，请他检查包内是否有50个金币。

　　6．(2016·潍坊高考模拟)He has heart disease. That is__because__he has been smoking too much.

　　解析：句意：他有心脏病，这是由于他一直吸烟造成的。

　　7．(2016·大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me__how__I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you？How can you get used to so much noise？”

　　解析：句意：来看我的人过去常常问我怎么能睡得着……。

　　8．We know from the survey on cigarettes __that__ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.

　　解析：句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词that引导。

　　9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium－sized cities， there are now signs __that__ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.

　　解析：句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。

　　10．Tens of thousands of people  marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial， celebrating  the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech， through which we know __what__ he said meant to the black.

　　解析：句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填what。

　　11．New plans for the college  entrance examination in Zhejiang are __that__ students have to  be tested on Chinese， math， English and another three  subjects as they prefer.

　　解析：句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。

　　12．There is a strong possibility __that__ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.

　　解析：句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。

　　13．(2014·湖南，24改编)As John Lennon once said， life is __what__ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

　　解析：句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。

　　14．(2014·陕西，15改编)__When__ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

　　解析：句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on是句子的谓语，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。

　　15．__That__mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted.

　　解析：句意为：人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。设空处引导主语从句且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。

　　16．The bride and groom gave __whoever__ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.

　　解析：句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。

　　17．I couldn't imagine __how__difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.

　　解析：句意为：我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。

　　18．(2014·四川，2改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said， “That's __where__ I was born.”

　　解析：句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。

　　19．(2014·北京，33改编)Some people believe__whatever__has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

　　解析：句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填whatever。

　　20．(2014·重庆，12改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday？

　　—Yeah， but I have no idea__why__he did it； that's one of his favorite universities.

　　解析：句意为：——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？——是的，可我不知道他为什么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明idea的内容；从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原因，故用why引导。

　　Ⅱ. 语法填空

　　在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1. when__ I began to love reading. Actually， I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2. that__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3. That__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4. that__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5. that__ literature became my vocation.

　　Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6. Whether__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall， her research showed me the answer. She argued __7. that__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story， I still have some doubts __8. how__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi， a doctor， became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9. What__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. __10. Why__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.

　　Ⅲ. 单句改错

　　1．I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.

　　答案与解析：what→which　此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。

　　2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school.

　　答案与解析：that→how　宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示go的程度，表示“我们学校的情况如何”，故用how。

　　3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all.

　　答案与解析：what→that　表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用that。what在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。

　　4．There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.

　　答案与解析：whether→that　否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导，肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。

　　5．At that time， I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.

　　答案与解析：that→why　根据wonder判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。

　　6．Which is worse， they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.

　　答案与解析：Which→What　What is worse是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。

　　7．I went up and asked what I could help them.

　　答案与解析：what→if/whether　 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为if/whether。

　　8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.

　　答案与解析：As→It　本句是一个it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语的句子，故改为it。如果用as，则为As is known to all， millions of graduates...。

　　9．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words， not the whole sentence.

　　答案与解析：That→What　主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语，故用what。

　　10．The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook anything when she got married.

　　答案与解析：because→that　was后是表语从句且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。